
By Ed Staskus
“How does it happen that you’re from Sudbury,” Kayleigh Jurgelaitis asked JT Markunas. He was sitting across from her at Junior’s Bar & Grill.
“World War Two,” JT said, giving the pint in front of him a break. “My father is from Lithuania. My grandmother Antonina was from Russia, a schoolteacher in Saransk. My grandfather Jonas met her during the first war.” The town and an army garrison were in the badlands, four hundred miles southeast of Moscow. “He was an officer in the Russian Imperial Army.”
“You’re part Russian, like Ivan the Terrible?”
“A part of me is, so watch your step.”
“Yes, sir,” Kayleigh said, mock saluting.
“He was conscripted and trained as an officer and sent to serve with an infantry regiment. Back then they said drinkers go to the navy and dimwits to the infantry. He had to keep the dimwits in order.” The Imperial Russian Army counted more than a million men in uniform, most of them conscripted, most of them peasants. There were a quarter million Cossacks, too. Only the Cossacks knew what they were doing.
“He swept my grandmother off her feet and they got married. They had a daughter in 1917. Another daughter was born the next year.” JT’s father was born six years later, in 1924. He was named after King Vytautas the Great. His mother called him Vytas. His sisters called him many things, including the Little Prince. They didn’t always mean it as a compliment.
They lived in Siauliai, which is home to the Hill of Crosses. The hill bristles with tens of thousands of crosses, crucifixes, and statues. It was after Czarist forces crushed the November Uprising of 1831 when the first crosses appeared. By 1918 Lithuania had been missing from the map for more than a hundred years, having been disappeared after the Partition of Poland. Since that time, it had been under the thumb of the Russian Empire.
In late 1919, when Russia was being torn apart by the Bolshevik revolution, Jonas and his family went home to a newly independent Lithuania. “The country didn’t have many officers when they formed their own army,” JT said. “Most of them were men who had been in the Imperial Army. My grandfather fought in the post-war battles around Klaipeda and after that served in the secret service in Kaunas, which was the capital then.”
“Was he a spy?”
“He was more like somebody who kept spies on their toes. After the fighting he got some land for serving his country. They had a house in town and a farm outside of town. Later on, he became the police chief.”
During the interwar years Lithuania was divided into twenty four districts and each district had its own governor and police chief. Farming was what mattered the most. Lithuania and Prince Edward Island are both mostly farm land. Potatoes are number one in both countries.
During the late 1930s the world was changing fast. The Lithuanian world was changing even faster, although it didn’t change so much as fall apart. “The Russians showed up in 1940” JT said. “All of the country’s officials were let go and they put in new people who they wanted to run the show, like the British did here on Prince Edward Island back in the day.”
He signaled Junior for more fried pickles. When Lithuanians go grocery shopping they buy pickles by the bushel. His mother in Sudbury had pickled cucumbers and served them at the dinner table all winter. He remembered sitting at the living room window with a bowl of them, watching snow fall until there wasn’t any place left for it to fall.
The annexation of Lithuania was completed by the autumn of 1940. Businesses were nationalized and collectivization of land began. As the Russian presence expanded the family talked about leaving the Baltics. “They had a chance to leave the country and go somewhere else, but didn’t.”
The stayed on their farm through the winter. Mass arrests and deportations of politicians, policemen, and dissidents began. “My grandfather was in his kitchen plot, wearing a shirt, old pants, and slippers when they drove up, a carload of Russians, and stopped, saying there was something wrong with their engine,” JT said. “He walked over to the car with them to help. They shoved him into the back and drove off.”
He remained under lock and key in the local lock-up until he was finally loaded into a boxcar with many others. Four days later, the 4th Panzer Group, part of the first phase of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of Russia, destroyed the Russian armored forces in Lithuania. Within a week Nazi Germany seized the whole of the country.
“It was too late for my grandfather. He was transported to a labor camp in Siberia. He was forced to work in a logging forest. He slept in an unheated barrack and starved to death during the winter of 1942.”
“That’s horrible,” Kayleigh said. “My father worked at logging when he first came to Canada, somewhere north of Sudbury,” Kayleigh said. “It wasn’t anything like Russia, though. Nobody starved to death. They didn’t lack for food or shelter. What happened to the rest of your family?”
“It was every man for himself, unless you were a Red,” JT said. “After the deportations they left the farm. It was too dangerous to stay. They went into the forest. But then my grandmother told my father, who was around 18 years old, to go to Vilnius, the capital, and tell his older sister their father had been arrested. She wanted her daughter to know to be careful. He took a train, but as soon as he got there, he got a phone call saying his mother had been arrested.”
“They were still living in the forest?” Kayleigh asked.
“They had built a lean-to near a stream and camouflaged it,” JT said. “His other sister stole food from nearby farms. They had a rifle. The gun didn’t do them any good, though.”
“Most of the Acadians around here were deported during the French and Indian War,” Kayleigh said. “They didn’t have many guns, not that it would have mattered. I’ve heard people call it the Great Expulsion.”
“The way I’ve heard it was that if you were Acadian, you were removed from your home and your land,” JT said. “Your house was burned and the land given to settlers loyal to Britain, mostly immigrants from Scotland and New England.”
The Great Expulsion was the forced removal of Acadians from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island during the French and Indian War. Most of the Acadians were deported, most of them ending up in France, Louisiana, and Massachusetts. Half of them died of disease, starvation, and shipwrecks.
“Was your grandmother sent to a prison camp even though she was Russian?” Kayleigh asked.
“Yes, she was sent to a prison camp. She was transported to the Gulag. She was released in 1956, after Stalin’s death, but not allowed to go back to her home. She was sent to live out her days in a one-room cinder block apartment near the Baltic Sea.”
“What did your father do?”
“After his mother’s arrest he stayed in Vilnius, with his sister and her husband,” JT said. “He stayed there for a month but went home when summer ended. The farm had to be taken care of. It had chickens, some pigs, and draft horses to do the heavy work. It was a dairy farm with more than twenty cows. “He started taking care of things, even though he didn’t know much. He had mostly been a schoolboy until then. He knew the cows had to be milked and the milk had to go to the dairy. But about the fields, he didn’t know anything. That fall he sent farmhands to till the ground. When his nearest neighbor saw them working, he ran across the road yelling and waving his arms.”
“What the hell are you doing?” the neighbor yelled.
“He told him they were preparing the ground for next year,” JT said.
“You’re ruining this year’s seed and you won’t have any grass next year,” the neighbor said.
“He stopped right away. He learned what to do.”
A year later he was on a horse-drawn mower cutting hay when he saw storm clouds gathering. He decided he would walk the horses, lightening the load so they could pull the mower faster, and jumped down from his seat. “As he hopped down, he stumbled and fell on the blades of the mower. The horses stopped. One of his hands was almost cut off. The boy who was helping him ran over. My father told me when the boy saw what happened, he passed out.”
As the war dragged on, JT’s father had problems keeping the farm going. He had only partial use of his injured hand and farmhands were deserting the countryside. He went to a nearby prisoner-of-war camp where he knew they loaned Russians out. They gave him some of them. They kept the farm going but one morning they were all gone. He had to go back to the Germans and ask for more. They were mad about it. One officer insisted he hadn’t looked after them, that he needed to lock them up at night, and that they weren’t going to give him anymore. “I need more,” he said. They eventually gave him more. He kept them locked up after that and they were still there when he fled Lithuania.
“My father had to do that, too,” Kayleigh said. “He had to get out fast in 1944.”
In 1944 the Red Army stormed back into Lithuania. JT’s father fled with a mechanized company of Wehrmacht, whisked up by them as they passed. They had been stationed near the prisoner-of-war camp. They told him he had five minutes to decide whether he was coming with them as they retreated. “They were in a big hurry. They said the Russians were on the other side of the Hill of Crosses. He only had time to fill a bag with a few clothes, a little money, and some photographs of his parents.”
In July the Red Army took Siauliai, inflicting heavy damage on the city. Two months after that the counterattacking German 3rd Panzer Army was destroyed and Lithuania became part of the Union of Socialist Republics. “My father ended up in Sudbury in the late 1940s with a duffel bag and enough loose change to get a sandwich,” JT said. “He got a job with Inco and that’s where he stayed. At first, he worked as a black powder blaster, one of the more dangerous jobs, but over the years the grind got easier.”
“After my father made it to Canada,” Kayleigh said, “he cut down trees to make a living. He moved to Sudbury after he got married. We later moved to Toronto, and from there to Buffalo. No matter, I still think of myself as a Sudbury girl.”
“Where did you live?”
“We lived on Pine Street, around where all the Eastern Europeans lived.”
JT grew up on Stanley Street where it dead-ended a few blocks from Pine Street.
“When were you born?”
“1961.”
JT had been born the same year. Kayleigh was the same age, from the same town, and they had grown up within walking distance of each other. The coincidences were piling up. He had never been sure if coincidence was a good thing or a bad thing. At the moment he thought it was a good thing.
“Do you remember the Canadian Pacific trains blowing their air horns when they curled around the cliff at the back of Stanley Street?”
“I sure do,” Kayleigh said. “Whenever they wailed, I wailed right back.”
“Me, too,” JT said.
They laughed loud enough so that Junior looked their way. They smiled at each other, seeing one another better than ever.
Excerpted from the book “Ebb Tide.”
Ed Staskus posts monthly on 147 Stanley Street at http://www.147stanleystreet.com, Made in Cleveland http://www.clevelandohiodaybook.com, Down East http://www.redroadpei.com, and Lithuanian Journal http://www.lithuanianjournal.com. To get the site’s monthly feature in your in-box click on “Follow.”
“Ebb Tide” by Ed Staskus
“A thriller in the Maritimes, out of the past, a double cross, and a fight to the finish.” Sam Winchell, Beyond Books
Available at Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CV9MRG55
Summer, 1989. A small town on Prince Edward Island. Mob money on the move gone missing. Muscle from Montreal. JT Markunas, an RCMP constable working the back roads, stands in the way.
A Crying of Lot 49 Publication








